Tell Them Who I am, the lives of Homeless Women by Elliot Liebow

Presentation Liebow expounded on Tally’s Corner in 1964 where he uncovered the idea of life in urban focuses particularly those of blacks. The book illuminated individuals about the significance of improving lives for there to be supportable turn of events. The book uncovered introduced an alternate point of view about the impression of dark people.Advertising We will compose a custom basic composing test on Tell Them Who I am, the lives of Homeless Women by Elliot Liebow explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More In ‘Tell Them Who I am,’ Liebow presents the hypotheses encompassing vagrancy while revealing the genuine dissimilarities and prides establishes vagrancy. The status of ladies comparable to vagrancy is deliberately archived. The compose uncovers that vagrants are not those found in lanes rather, the genuine ones exist inside society suggesting that they interrelate and communicate with different citizenry. It is in this way evident that †˜homelessness’ in this challenge isn't utilized to allude to ladies lacking spots they call home rather it reports the denied places of ladies in the public arena. Ladies are denied openings in the public eye, for example, testimonial rights, political rights and financial rights. The issues looked by ladies as indicated by Liebow are both local and outer. This paper consequently breaks down the difficulties looked by ladies as indicated by Liebow and a portion of the manners in which that ladies can apply in getting their character in the public arena. Difficulties Facing Women in Society Work and Job For someone to make due in the cutting edge society, he/she should work thus work allows an individual personality. Employments that individuals do give them autonomy and associates them to the more extensive society (Lieboe 51). Ladies are not given equivalent open doors that would ensure work. They can't get to telephone utilities that could interface them with expected mana gers. The businesses on their part add to ladies misfortunes since they don't put forth attempts of calling them since they can't get to correspondence lines (Liebow 53). The author however reports that it isn't the enthusiasm of ladies to be destitute since they have the ability to work and give themselves anything they desire. The general public is at fault for vagrancy. The general public partners vagrants with a wide range of underhandedness, for example, liquor addiction and prostitution. The safe house staff isn't barred either in light of the fact that it treats vagrants with low regard to a degree of proposing against their employment.Advertising Looking for basic composition on sociologies? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Family Life The vagrants have no families, their family members repudiate them and nobody partners with them. There is no agreeable life since the couple doesn't settle to burn out. Opportunity of articulation and affiliation is totally cut, the administration confines affiliations and ladies are not permitted to take their own stands relating to their lives. Each type of cooperation is controlled and action is acted in receptiveness, there is no mystery. Ladies have nothing they can call their own; the family no longer exercise its essential job of socialization since each citizen is all alone. Life is ominous particularly for ladies since they are treated as children and individuals with psychological sickness (Liebow 87). Aggressive behavior at home It is accounted for that Biff, Natalia’s spouse was rough and lush, he could compel Rick and Natalie to go through their evenings in the colds fleeing from beatings (Liebow 88). Men have no regard to ladies even to their little employments since they request consideration from them in any event, when they are occupied. Natalia is accounted for to have been hospitalized attempting to end it all in view of weight from her family. Male man controlled society adds to aggressive behavior at home since men think they own ladies and they choose what ladies ought to do. Absence of Independence Women don't have autonomous rights or opportunities, they are determined what to do and how they should live. Regina was grabbed away the youngster by her folks on claims that she was unable to raise it. The child was later on educated to call Regina by her names, which upset her to such an extent. Men utilized ladies as sex questions and dumped them away. The instance of Regina fills in for instance since she got pregnant at 15 years old. Regina herself doesn't have the foggiest idea about the dad since she was conceived with only one parent present. Casualties of Crime It is accounted for that Regina fell a survivor of assault by obscure aggressor who broke in her room and constrained her to have oral sex. The demonstration influenced her mentally requiring a treatment. The wrongdoing influenced her extraordinaril y constraining her to stop working consequently relying upon awards again.Advertising We will compose a custom basic composing test on Tell Them Who I am, the lives of Homeless Women by Elliot Liebow explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Most ladies at the time were abused by their spouses and compelled to separate with youngsters with no property. They could just rely upon well-wishers and helpful associations to give shelter to them. Ladies occupied with prostitution and medication misuse since they don't had anything to do in the general public, they did them to procure livings. Scrutinize: Feminist Movements Women have since stood apart emphatically to contradict the current social association where men direct everything for them. They are against foul play, for example, abusive behavior at home, need maternity leave, inconsistent compensation, lewd behavior and sexual savagery too. The underlying efforts focused on ladies testimonial, which later stretched out to requesting for sex equity in law and culture. Liebow composed when sexual orientation fairness was at its pinnacle. More improvements were supported after Second World War. The wave realized more changes, which freed ladies from men imprisonment. The developments have prevailing with regards to changing people’s recognition about the job of ladies in the general public. Ladies in the cutting edge world can take part in equitable procedures implying that they can cast a ballot and be decided in favor of. Instruction is not, at this point a men’s undertaking yet ladies can likewise partake and contend in the event that they so wish. Partition and separation isn't the manner in which it used to be as revealed by Liebow, whatever the couple had gathered is shared similarly should separate happen. Numerous ladies have assumed control over administration positions and are ending up being similarly equipped. This has incredibly influenced sexual orientation jobs and divisi on of work inside family units. Ladies have likewise accomplished a ton in strict front since ladies have been appointed as ministers particularly in the Anglican Church. End Elliot Liebow uncovered a portion of the shameful acts that ladies experienced during the dull times of the world. The shameful acts uncovered how genuine the predicament of ladies was in the society.Advertising Searching for basic composition on sociologies? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More The thoughts went about as a benchmark for some women's activist activists who moved with speed to address the difficulties. A great deal have been accomplished however more ought to be done if sexual orientation fairness must be acknowledged completely. The crusade ought to be comprehensive implying that it ought to include ladies alone. Work Cited Liebow, Elliot. Reveal to them who I am, the Lives of Homeless Women. London, UK: Simon and Schuster. 1993. This basic composition on Tell Them Who I am, the lives of Homeless Women by Elliot Liebow was composed and put together by client Sadie O. to help you with your own investigations. You are allowed to utilize it for exploration and reference purposes so as to compose your own paper; nonetheless, you should refer to it as needs be. You can give your paper here.

Human sexuality Essay

Forbidden inbreeding is the demonstration of mating or having any sexual relations between two creatures of close connection. In individuals, this is restricted by law to wed and take part in any sexual action with any individual from a person’s own family and with his/her family members up to the second level of connection. Beside it being a lawful denial, it is additionally a thought about a social untouchable in many societies. In any case, the contemplations for interbreeding are diverse relying upon the convictions and customs of these social gatherings. Some have progressively liberal capabilities for the circumstance to be called interbreeding, and others are increasingly moderate as in individuals couldn't wed even the individuals who are embraced into the family. In any case, there are likewise a few spots wherein they grant this sort of familial arrangement to safeguard their imperial ancestry. There are different sorts and types of inbreeding. The most well-known and considered a sort of misuse is the dad girl interbreeding and different types of parental inbreeding. Be that as it may, there are additionally different structures, for example, kin interbreeding and different matches which normally come unreported. Albeit most instances of inbreeding are resulting from pressure, consensual interbreeding additionally exists in certain social orders. The method of reasoning behind the inbreeding untouchable probably originated from social gathering forms in antiquated edified and graceless social orders. As concentrated by anthropologists, more established societies adhere to the standard of exogamy which empowers families and gatherings to converge with others to shape coalitions. On the off chance that inbreeding was permitted, this standard would be damaged. Strict gatherings and factions likewise have their different takes on this issue and the greater part of them push that inbreeding must not go on without serious consequences and disparaged. In present day social orders, this legitimate restriction currently has logical premise. It was discovered that since the two individuals engaged with forbidden inbreeding have the equivalent hereditary cosmetics, their posterity would contract acquired intrinsic contortions. If this turns into the outcome, people in the future would be in danger of getting the equivalent hereditary deformities. As a result of forbidden inbreeding, a posterity tends to create latent scatters, for example, mental impediment, hard of hearing mutism, inherent ichthyosis, retinitis pigmentosa, adiposogenital condition, and homocystinuria. Past examinations show that the greater part of the youngsters conceived out of inbreeding secure some irregularity. The explanation for this is there in an expansion in homozygosity in the offspring’s qualities, which implies that there would be â€Å"the same allele at a similar locus on the two individuals from a chromosome pair† (â€Å"Incest,† n. d. ). As it were, if the guardians of the kid have a place with a similar family, there is a more prominent inclination for the kid to get an imperfect quality from the two guardians. Along these lines, it is accepted that there is a particular organic system which keeps species from taking part in depraved inbreeding. In detail, this system could be all the more effectively depicted in a correlation between depraved inbreeding and mating between creatures of various blood. Each person conveys some flawed qualities which are conceal in a passive articulation. At the point when two individuals have a place in a similar family, for instance, as on account of kin, half of their qualities are indistinguishable as they are from similar guardians. This implies when they mate, there is a more prominent probability that the flawed quality would be communicated in their posterity. In any case, for two individuals of no blood connection to one another, there isn’t any indistinguishable quality which implies that it would be more uncertain for a hereditary imperfection to be created in their posterity. This natural imperative and clinical hazard is a result that perverted inbreeding would bring. It would not exclusively be destructive for the posterity as a result of the deformities that would be obtained or a more serious hazard for mortality, in any case, it would likewise add to the disintegration of people in the future. At long last, beside these previously mentioned clinical contemplations, it would likewise be fitting to see the mental symptoms as significant in these circumstances. There are heaps of cases which show that interbreeding, particularly those circumstances which could be considered as types of misuse, bring about mental, mental, and enthusiastic injury. This most likely may be a direct result of the way that it is set up as an untouchable and the conduct is a logical inconsistency to that conviction or mentality. Whatever the case might be, there would consistently be an adverse result when two individuals take part in forbidden relations and inbreeding. References Children conceived because of inbreeding. (1981). English Medical Journal Vol. 282. p. 250. Interbreeding. (n. d. ) In Cambridge reference book. Recovered April 14, 2008, from http://reference book. stateuniversity. com/pages/10516/interbreeding. html The Columbia reference book (tenth ed. ). (2007). New York: Columbia University Press.

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Should The Prison Reform Be Used As A Last Resort

The percentage of women in prison, have increased over the years. Trusts such as the Prison Reform Trust, have a strong belief that prison should be used as a last resort. This dissertation will look to examine the main reasons behind the increase of female offenders in prison. It will also look to argue that in most cases, alternative sentences should be considered, rather than enforcing the custodial sentence. In March 2007, The Corston review, was publishes by Baroness Corston, regarding a review of women with vulnerabilities in the criminal justice system. The Corston review recommended that the custodial sentence should been forced to women, whose crimes are serious, and to those who are unable to serve their sentence in the community. In addition, the time women spend in prison has led to increased expenses for the public and government. The research of this dissertation will be based on the question, what are the alternatives to the custodial sentence, for women offenders? The question will then go on to examine main reasons to why women offend, and why the number of women in prison has increased over the last decade. The research conducted, will seek to congregate a variety of discussions to find out if alternative sentences could be more appropriate for women. In addition to discussing alternative sentences, a review on the different types of women prisons that are operating, will also be briefly discussed. In addition, the opinions of media groups, politiciansShow MoreRelatedSocial Welfare Policy Reading Essay : Solitary Confinement Essay1663 Words   |  7 Pagesdevastating consequences of the use of solitary confinement in prisons. Studies show that the method of solitary confinement has the potential to lead to severe psychological effects on prison inmates. To address the consequences of solitary confinement in the U.S. federal prison system, President Obama directed Attorney General Loretta E. Lynch as well as the Justice Department to review and analyze the overuse of solitary confinement in U.S. prisons. Six months later, on January 25th, 2016, President ObamaRead MorePunishment And The Abolition Of Imprisonment1650 Words   |  7 Pageshave not been rehabilitated or recovered after their imprisonment. To an extent, imprisonment is unsuccessful in preventing reoffending or assisting the offender’s progress to recovery and adaptation into society. Elements of sentencing purposes, prison circumstances and culture, and whether the abolishment of imprisonment would be beneficial underlines imprisonment still plays a crucial role in the criminal justice system (Humphreys, 2006, pp.119-120). In order to be effective imprisonment likeRead MoreSolitary Confinement Is The Violation Of Rights Essay1563 Words   |  7 Pagesbecame a critical issue in the Geneva Conventions. In particular, the Geneva Convention Relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War defined how prisoners of war should be treated in the same manner as civil prisoners, while outlining the human rights for all prisoners (The United Nations, 1949). Solitary confinement was viewed as legal, but used sparingly. It would take several decades and numerous studies on the effects of solitary confinement for global leaders to condemn this practice. The UnitedRead MoreThe Problem Of Prison Overcrowding1395 Words   |  6 Pagesthe criminal justice system is prison overcrowding. To examine a nation’s soul, all one has to do is look inside of its prisons. Even though we have 5 percent of the world’s population we have 25 percent of the world’s prison population. The makeup of our prison populat ion range from first time drug offenders to serial killers. Prisons serve a necessary function in society if used properly to keep the worst of the worst of the streets. In the last 40 years prisons has become a hammer where everyRead MoreThe Purposes of Sentencing Essay examples988 Words   |  4 Pagesthat offenders should be punished for committing a crime, but would not punish someone who was forced to commit a cri-me, i.e. duress. It can be sometimes be viewed as a ‘revenge’ or ‘an eye for an eye‘. It is based on the principle of â€Å"let the punishment fit the crime†. This aim does not reducing crime or changing the offenders future behaviour. Punishment is provided through imprisonment and in some cases a fine may be given.However, giving a fine could in effect cause a prison sentence for theRead MorePrison Overcrowding2966 Words   |  12 Pagesâ€Å"Prison Overcrowding: Using Proposals from Nevada and California to Recommend an Altern ative Answer† By: Casey Apao For: Dr. Sarri CSN Fall 2010 Dedication: â€Å"I, the undersigned, Casey Apao hereby certify that without the assistance of Henry Apao this Critical Thinking Scientific Paper wouldn’t be done.† Signed , Casey Apao Disclaimer: â€Å"I, Casey Apao hereby certify that this Critical Thinking Scientific Paper is the result of my sole intellectualRead MoreSolitary Confinement Is A Form Of Imprisonment1707 Words   |  7 Pagescontact, though often with the exception of members of prison staff. Does being locked away for an extended period of time in isolation actually reform a person? Putting people in solitary does more harm than good. Solitary has many long term effects on people, it violates many human rights, and when they get out they are are worse off than when they went in. Solitary confinement is occasionally used in most prison systems as a means to maintain prison order. Mainly for disciplinary punishment, or as aRead MoreWhat Makes A Breach Of Law An Act Of Civil Disobedience?1383 Words   |  6 PagesThese are the basic questions that are asked when dealing with civil disobedience. According to John Rawls, civil disobedience is a nonviolent breach of laws by the public in order to reform or change laws or government policies. But Rawls’ concept of civil disobedience is too narrow. This raises many questions. Why should civil disobedience be non-violent? Why does the public play a large role in civil disobedience? This paper will touch upon four main sections, the definition of civil disobedienceRead MoreThe Need for Prisons in Britain Essay2046 Words   |  9 PagesThe Need for Prisons in Britain The prison population in England and Wales currently stands at 71,800. According to the Home Office estimate this figure is projected to rise to 83,500 by 2008. Similarly in Scotland, which has a separate legal system and its own private service, there are similar pressures. Prisons can be successful in their four aims: retribution, protection, deterrence and rehabilitation. Reconviction rates are at a substantial low, but is that enoughRead MorePositive And Negative Impacts Of The Correctional System1514 Words   |  7 PagesStates, segregation in prison all create an environment that offenders have to live. With no option to leave by choice when oppressed by the system more than they should have to be what does this say about the United States. We elect people to come up with beneficial policies to make the correctional system better, for our pockets, and for returning citizens. Correctional facilities are not meant to house offenders forever. The conditions they live in during their stay should not negatively impact

The North American Free Trade Agreement. One Of The Major

The North American Free Trade Agreement One of the major keys to having two or more parties successfully trade and invest with each other is the ability to make agreements peacefully and come to similar terms. Many times, people would like to trade goods and services, but cannot agree on the terms each other have made. This can obviously cause many problems with trading and is the reason many deals do not go through, which can impact not only the people involved, but many more people very negatively. This is why agreements are so important in today’s world, and the North American Free Trade Agreement is no exception. What is the North American Free Trade agreement, also known as NAFTA? The definition, according to naftanow.org, is a†¦show more content†¦marketplace, and a market that is driven more by supply and demand. NAFTA has many components. Some of these include tariff elimination for qualifying products, Elimination of nontariff barriers by the year 2008, tariff reduction for motor vehicles and auto parts, expanded telecommunications trade, reduced textile and clothing barriers, more free trade in agriculture, Mexican import licenses should be gotten rid of, expanded trade in financial services, opening of insurance markets, increased investment opportunities, liberalized regulation of land transportation, and many more according to inc.com/encyclopedia. All these components help make trading between the U.S., Canada, and Mexico simpler and more efficient. The Trade Agreement has provided North America with many benefits. One of them is NAFTA quadrupled trade. According to Kimberly Amadeo, â€Å"from 1993-2015, trade between the three members quadrupled, from $297 billion to $1.14 trillion. That boosted economic growth, profits, and jobs for all three countries. It also lowered prices for co nsumers.† The trade pushed this all to happen because it eliminated the tariffs and made it easier for the North American countries to come together and trade. NAFTA also helps the three countries by lowering the prices on exported goods. The United States imported 144 billion dollars of oil which isShow MoreRelatedThe North American Free Trade Agreement Essay1420 Words   |  6 Pagesheard very little of substance from both parties, but one thing both parties seem to agree on is that free trade has been bad for the U.S. worker. One candidate proclaimed that the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) has cost the United States hundreds of thousands of jobs and another distanced herself from free trade agreements all together. It has been over twenty years since the implementation of the North American Free Trade Agreement and many have criticized it as a bad deal for theRead MoreFree Trade And Trade Agreements1408 Words   |  6 PagesFree Trade Free trade is a policy in which the government does not interfere against imports or impedes with exports by applying tariffs (Encyclopedia, 2015). Free trade is about removing barriers like tariffs, quotas, and other restrictions. Tariffs are taxes that the countries enforce on imported goods and services, they are set in place to make trade harder. This ultimately causes the price of goods and services for consumers to be more expensive. Quotas are a limited quantity countries putRead MoreEssay On Nafta1182 Words   |  5 PagesKey term As a result of extensive research on various topics, the one area there has been on the rise and is subject to further debate and analysis is the North American free trade agreement. This particular treaty is of interest owing to the current globalization that is fast consuming economies across the world as well as the change in leadership in the three countries involved. As a result, this essay takes into account the current economic state of the world about the increased competition;Read MoreThe United States And Nafta1299 Words   |  6 PagesUniversity of Baltimore â€Æ' The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) was designed to create trade that was mutually beneficial for all North American countries. Yet a recent change in the U.S. administration has threatened continued trade between the three major players – the U.S, Canada and Mexico. New President Donald J. Trump’s promises to renegotiate NAFTA have both Canada and Mexico on edge, and without stability, can possibly force Mexico to opt out of the agreement altogether. While NAFTARead MoreIs Free Trade a Necessity for Aiding Worldwide Economic Development?1539 Words   |  6 Pagestransactions of imports and exports are essential, is free trade a necessity for aiding worldwide economic development? At least John F. Kennedy thought so, he being the initiator of removing tariffs and other limitations on U.S. imports. His hypothesis was that by doing that, other nations would follow Americas example and leadership. This is not a new notion either, nor is it confined to America n Presidents. No nation was ever ruined by trade, stated Benjamin Franklin in the 18th century. FranklinsRead MoreEssay on Who Did NAFTA Benefit The Most?896 Words   |  4 Pagesreached an agreement on trilateral trade ― the North American Free Trade Agreement. Commonly referred to as NAFTA, it came into effect on the first day of 1994. Covering 450 million of population and reaching $17 trillion in combined GDP, NAFTA proudly ranks the first among the world’s free trade agreements (USTR). It is usually seen as a remarkable success for the countless benefits it brings to its members. Some of NAFTA’s main advantages are promoting closer relationships, eliminating trade barriersRead MoreThe Role Of Regional Integration Essay1476 Words   |  6 PagesGlobal Business as pertaining to our topic describes changes in our worlds economy that result from dramatically increased internationational trade and cultural exchange. This paper will analyze the role of NAFTA (N orth American Free Trade Agreement) in promoting global business. Besides NAFTA, regional integrations such as: EU, APEC, ASEAN, CAFTA, or others may be discussed for the purpose of comparing advantages and disadvantages of regional integration. Also discussed will be the economic developmentRead MoreFree Trade Agreements And Its Effects On Latin American Nations1187 Words   |  5 PagesFree-Trade Agreements are entered into by parties expecting to mutually benefit from the terms of the agreement. Over the course of the past three decades the United States has entered into numerous Free-Trade agreements, most notably with nations throughout the Latin American region. Latin American countries are geographically and economically similar to the U.S., which makes them valuable partners in furthering America’s global initiatives. The United States has seen considerable economic returnsRead MoreWho Did NAFTA Benefit the Most?920 Words   |  4 Pagesreached an agreement on trila teral trade ― the North American Free Trade Agreement (Scaliger). Commonly referred to as NAFTA, it came into effect on the first day of 1994. Covering 450 million people and reaching $17 trillion in combined GDP, NAFTA proudly ranks the first among the world’s free trade agreements (USTR). It is usually seen as a remarkable success for the countless benefits it brings to the member countries. The goal of NAFTA was to promote closer trade relationships, eliminate trade barriersRead MoreThe Problems with NAFTA Not Helping Economies Essay1072 Words   |  5 PagesThe Problems with NAFTA Not Helping Economies The free trade argument states that, if each nation produces what it does best and permits trade, over the long run all will enjoy lower prices and higher levels of output, income, and consumption that could be achieved in isolation. The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), started in January of 1994, created a situation in North America in which there are no taxes on most products imported and exported between the three

My Dream Free Essays

My Dream Holiday My dream holiday doesn’t involve only one place but the whole world, because it is to tour the world’s most astonishing places. Firstly there’s Manhattan. New York. We will write a custom essay sample on My Dream or any similar topic only for you Order Now As one of the most popular tourist destinations and heavily populated places anywhere in the world, Manhattan offers something for everyone, including vast amounts beauty, irrelevant of what you consider to be beautiful. From the lush greenery and openness of Central Park to the awe-inspiring and breathtaking view from the top of the Rockefeller Centre to the iconic Statue of Liberty, it would be difficult for anyone to visit Manhattan and not find part of it stunning. It was not until the voyage of Henry Hudson, an Englishman who worked for the Dutch East India Company, that the area was mapped. Hudson came across Manhattan Island and the native people living there in 1609, and continued up the river that would later bear his name, the Hudson River, until he arrived at the site of present day Albany. Secondly there’s Ireland There’s one town in particularly which is a â€Å"must†. This town is called Killarney. It is located in the province â€Å"Munster† in Country Kerry. Its population was last taken in 2006 and found to be 16931 people. Killarney has featured prominently in early Irish history, with religious settlements playing an important part of its recorded history. Its first significantly historical settlement was the monastery on nearby Innis fallen Island found in 640ad by St. Finian the Leper, which was occupied for approximately 850 years. Thirdly there’s Meteora, Greece. The word â€Å"meteora† means â€Å"Suspended rocks†. The area of Meteora on the Greek mainland is a collection of six monasteries that were constructed on limestone rocks many centuries ago. The six monasteries includes â€Å"The Holy Monastery of Great Meteoron, Varlaam, Rousanou, St. Nicholas Anapausas, St. Stephen and The Monastery of the Holy Trinity. Their beautiful to look at both up close and from afar, each of the six Eastern Orthodox monasteries are still inhabited to this day. Then there’s the wondrous Creation located in Australia. The Great Barrier Reef. It is officially the largest reef system on earth. The Great Barrier Reef has almost 3,000 reefs encompassed within the 2,600 kilometer area of land that it covers. Although the Great Barrier Reef is clearly visible from space, it is when looking at it from underneath water when it truly appears to be beautiful and somewhat magical. Over 1,500 types of fish call the Great Barrier Reef home and in excess of 400 types of coral can be viewed in the area. Next on my list comes the extraordinary city, Venice. This is one of the most popular cities in Italy. Venice is known primarily for its canals, which provide both romantic and commuter travel within the city. There are, however, many other reasons why a visit to Venice is a must, notably some amazing feats of architecture. It seems as if every step you take, you will encounter some aspect of the city worth admiring. The major sights like the basilica and piazza of San Marco are perhaps the city’s most famous. There is however much more, but there’s always next time for the rest. How to cite My Dream, Papers

Taxation Law Alternative Assets Insights

Question: Describe about the Taxation Law for Alternative Assets Insights. Answer: Introduction: The taxation act of Australia was introduced by Queensland in the year 1902. In order to help the Australians First World War Federal income tax was introduced in the year 1915. It is the most important system to collect revenue from the individual of the country. The financial year or the assessment year in Australia starts from 1st July. 1: In the cited case Hilary by profession was the rock climber, agrees to sell her life details and pictures to the newspaper for ten thousand dollars. She has no experience of writing any stories in the past. To consider the fact of this case we should highlight the matter of Brent vs. FCT 1971. In this case, the wife of Biggs gave an interview to media, sold some of the pictures to them, and earned some cash on support of it. The money which she earned can be treated as a revenue income as per the act because the services were carried out by her for the organization. According to sec.26 (e) of Income Tax Act, any payment received on behalf of services rendered by an individual can be termed as an individual income. She did not draft the reports, which were occurred in the newspapers, the journalists built a report of her comments. She had given the ideas only. She received the amount by dedicating her seconds to the interviews. The news which she has was an asset for her and when s he disclose the news to the media it no longer remain secret, therefore, she lost her capital asset and the amount which she earned from them is to be treated as income from capital nature. In the cited problem, Hillary received money by disposing her life incidents to the media. The answer differs if she does not dispose her story to them. However, if she signs an agreement to sell her story in the near future she is doing a work for the company and receives money for her work. According to the definition, it is income for her, and, hence she is liable to pay tax. 2: In the given problem, the father has given forty thousand dollars to his son for clearing his loan. His son will give back to him$50,000 after certain years. To provide any conclusion for the problem, it is relevant to analyze the facts of the case Riches v Westminster Bank ltd; 1947 to provide any conclusion. As per the act, interest for withholding tax is to be charge @ 10% (according to Part III, Division 11A of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1936). Assessable income of an individual includes the following: ncome which were earned from the deals outside the ordinary course of business Amount earned or received in the form of commission Value received in the form of dividends on business investments Amount which were earned outside Australia by an Australian resident income earned by pre-received or accrued interest on business investments, income earned from the payment of lease and hire charges Profit earned by disposing capital assets. In the given case, the amount earned by the person from his son somehow becomes a part of his total income, and, hence, to be treated as a taxable income. His son has cleared all the dues with an interest along with the principal amount within a period of 2 years by making only one receipt (cheque) for the payment, which includes the interest also. The act requires a person to maintain separate entries for interest and the principal amount so that taxation amount can be calculated more smoothly and accurately. The transaction will affect the total income of the guardians also. Therefore, the amount, which they acquired from their legal heir, has to be considered separately in their books. 3: According to Australian Income Tax Act, capital gain taxis the part of income tax act which can be ascertained by deducting the value of an asset and the actual amount of an asset, which is received by an individual while disposing it. If the amount of capital loss exceeds during the year the excess value of an asset can be carried forward for next assessment years. Assets such as residential buildings, motor-car which is used for private purpose are exempted from CGT. There are various methods to obtain capital gains: Discount method: the property which was possessed by an individual at least for a period of twelve months is eligible for it. As per the act, the slab rate of discount is 50% for individuals and 33.33%for the person who has superannuation funds. It can be calculated by deducting the cost base and capital loss from capital proceeds than the discount rate has to be deducted from the income. Indexation method: the property which was held by a person before September 21, 1999 can be calculated on the basis of indexation method. It can be calculated by applying the indexation factor and by deducting the amount of cost from capital proceeds. Other method: The assets which were acquired by an assessee at least for a period of six months are to be calculated by this method. It can be calculated by subtracting the cost base from capital proceeds. Exempted income under this category are as below: Any property held before pre CGT event i.e. before September 20, 1985, The asset held by an assessee as his main residence, Assets acquired for up to five hundred dollars which includes jewellery, stamps, etc., held for self Cars and other small motor vehicles, which has a carrying capacity of less than one tonne and less than nine passengers. Coverage for a damage which occurred on business premises or for personal damage. Profit and loss earned by disposing of bonds and notes at a discount will fall under ordinary income tax. Payments made under government policies. In the given problem, Scott bought a piece of land during the year 1980 and constructed a building on it during the year 1986. The total amount of land after construction is one hundred fifty thousand dollars. The owner used the property for the purpose of hiring and renting. Afterwards, he sold the asset at an auction for eight hundred thousand dollars. He earned a capital gain of six hundred fifty thousand dollars by selling his property. The person cannot claim for exemption under the head CGT because the property was used by him for renting purpose. Hence, the whole amount of the asset is chargeable under the head capital gains. Again, if the person sold this asset to his daughter than he can claim exemption on this asset. As per Gift Tax Act of Australia, the whole value can be exempted from his income. Again, if the caretaker of the asset was the company instead of individual and the company is associated with the renting and hiring business than the total income earned by capital gain can be set off under the head business from profit and gain. In the given case, the person is not eligible for exemption under the head capital gains. The tax rate will differ in each case. For individual the rate of tax lies in between 45% of his total income but for the company the effective rate is 30%. Therefore, to conclude we can say that the income tax law of a country helps the nation to earn revenue income, which can be use for the benefits of an individual only. Therefore, it is the duty of each individual to pay the tax accordingly. References: Barkoczy, S. (2016). Foundations of Taxation Law 2016.OUP Catalogue. Butler, D. (2016). Superanuation: $1.6 m balance cap examined-more tax on death benefits.Taxation in Australia,51(1), 41. Edmonds, M., Holle, C., Hartanti, W. (2015). Alternative assets insights: Super funds-tax impediments to going global.Taxation in Australia,49(7), 413. .Harding, M. (2013). Taxation of Dividend, Interest, and Capital Gain Income. Long, B., Campbell, J., Kelshaw, C. (2016). The justice lens on taxation policy in Australia.St Mark's Review, (235), 94. Morgan, A., Mortimer, C., Pinto, D. (2014). A Practical Introduction to Australian Taxation Law. Morse, S. C., Deutsch, R. (2016). Tax Anti-Avoidance Law in Australia and the United States. Palmer, T. (2013). UQ Library Guides: Taxation Law: Get started. Woellner, R., Barkoczy, S., Murphy, S., Evans, C., Pinto, D. (2016).Australian Taxation Law 2016. Oxford University Press.

The Biosphere Essays - Superorganisms, Biological Systems

The Biosphere The Biosphere: The biosphere is part of the earth in which life exists. It is 20 km thick from the bottom of the ocean to the lower atmosphere. It consists of three layers: the lithosphere, which is the land on the surface of the earth; the hydrosphere, which comprises of the water on the earth as well as water vapor in the air; and the atmosphere, which is made up of the air that surrounds the earth. The living organisms in the biosphere interact and affect each other in many ways. This is called a biotic factor. Similarly, there are non-living elements that have an effect on living organisms, these are considered abiotic factors. Examples of abiotic factors are air, temperature, water, soil, light, and minerals. In a biosphere, organisms live in special groupings. For instance, a population consists of all individuals of a species living in a general area. A community is a population located in a certain area living among different species. An ecosystem is yet a larger conglomeration of a population, a community, and abiotic factors. Ecosystems can be aquatic or terrestrial. The earth's aquatic ecosystem makes up about 75% of the earth's surface. This aquatic environment is divided into marine and freshwater environments. The earth's terrestrial ecosystem is mainly made up of forests and deserts, which make up for 25% of the earth's surface. The role or function of an organism in a community is that organism's niche. An organism's niche is an area picked by that organism based on physical factors such as temperature, light, oxygen and carbon dioxide content and biological factors such as food, competition for

What Would Mark Zuckerbergs Resume Look Like if Facebook Failed

What Would Mark Zuckerbergs Resume Look Like if Facebook Failed We all spend so much time fretting about what is and what is not on our resumes. We also spend a great deal of time idolizing tech billionaires and entrepreneurs who went an unorthodox route and really made career magic happen for themselves. But what does a carefree, â€Å"I made it on my own† resume really look like on paper? It’s important to remember that the risk takers and innovators often have resumes that look a little out of balance. And hey, it worked out for them. No matter what your past looks like, there’s proof that a lot of hard work (and sure, a smidgen of luck) can combine to bring you great success.Here are a few bullet points from Mark Zuckerberg’s would-be resume if his Facebook gamble had failed and he had found himself out on the post-grad job market with the rest of his Harvard class.Mark ZuckerbergEducationHarvard University, Psychology and Computer Science    (Sept 2002 – ongoing)Phillips Exeter Academy, Classical studies and Science    (May 1999-2001)   Ã‚  GPA 4.0Software Development ExperienceFacemash   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   (Oct 2003 – ongoing)Internal social media website allowing visitors to rate their classmates at Harvard University as â€Å"hot† or â€Å"not.† Hugely popular and experienced such a spike in numbers as to overwhelm the Harvard servers.CourseMatch    (2003 – ongoing)Mini-social medial, the first of its kind, allowing university students to choose their courses based on the choices of their classmates, and to form study groups and meet-ups.Synapse Media Player (2000 – 2001)App using artificial intelligence to learn the listening preferences of the user, then recommending appropriate music. Featured on the SlashDot, rated 3/5 by PCMag, and reached more than 1000 downloads in the first month alone. Attracted significant interest from Microsoft and AOL.AchievementsFounded two of the most popular apps at HarvardWon over 10 prizes in Math, Physics, Astronomy, and ClassicsProficient or advanced proficient in six languages (English, Mandarin Chinese, French, Hebrew, Latin, Ancient Greek)Developed first software application at the age of 12Captain of prep school fencing teamTech Skills StrengthsProduct DevelopmentArtificial IntelligenceHTML CSSPHPAtari BasicSoftware ApplicationsZuckNet (1996 – 1997)Dental practice software, designed at age 12 using Atari Basic, allowing family computers to communicate with those of family dental practice.Computer versions of Monopoly Risk (1995-1996)Digitized versions of two popular board games for up to 6 players.MembershipsAlpha Epsilon PiKirkland House  PassionsThe Odyssey The Iliad, Tennis, Rowing, Fencing, and Programming  Verdict? Not really all that impressive. Keep this in mind as you build your own resume. Make sure to view your career goals and accomplishments with a healthy amount of perspective.

Dream your trying to fulfill Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Dream your trying to fulfill - Essay Example In this way I started my dream to become a lawyer. My dream to become a lawyer was motivated out of many influences. I remember watching television shows that dramatized court-room scenarios. Television shows that intrigued me as the lawyers were able to piece together disparate pieces of information and reach conclusions that nobody ever thought possible. As I researched the legal profession more I came to appreciate the nature of the law as rooted in rules and regulations that were many years old. In addition to this historical aspect, I appreciated the profession as the lawyer had the power to speak for disenfranchised people. At first I appreciated defense attorneys that worked to free people who had been wrongly accused. This interest changed as learned about prosecutors. Rather than defending people who had oftentimes committed crimes, the prosecutor sought justice for people who had been wronged. It was not long before I became involved in volunteer work at the State Attorney office. One of my high school classes required I log volunteer hours, so this was my choice. On a weekly basis I would visit the office and file and organize documents they had. I was given the opportunity to attend portions of trials with the attorneys. This was a very enlightening experience and further directed my efforts. At high school I became involved in the performing arts department. I recognized that there was a significant performance aspect to practicing law, so I began acting in plays. Finally, I worked hard in school to gain admittance to college. Since being admitted to college I have worked towards my goal through my course selections. I recognize the importance of developing strong critical thinking skills, so I have taken courses that challenge my intellect. Additionally, I have worked hard to ensure that I attain high grades in these courses. My recognition in these regards is that th is will ultimately help

A Closer Look on the Religious Liberty in the United States Essay

A Closer Look on the Religious Liberty in the United States - Essay Example The primary focus of this discussion is the free exercise clause and the establishment clause of the amendment. Several scholars had provided different positions regarding the amendment of the constitution and its practical and legal ramifications. Some scholars have highlighted the pitfalls of the implementation of the free exercise clause since it has been used by some individuals as shield against the law by using the notion of religious liberty as cover to their practices that is deemed by others as a criminal activity. Other scholars also suggest that religious liberty is an impossible ideal, targeting the lack of a concrete definition of what a religion is. In order to gain a broader knowledge on the concept of religious liberty as well as to develop a more in-depth understanding on the first amendment, the above said positions will be examined through the course of this paper. According to the Religious Liberty in American Law, the relation of religion and law in the United St ates may be summarized as follows; the government cannot establish a religion or church under the law, the people have the freedom of conscience in matters of religious belief and worship, citizens cannot be discriminated or be subjected to any form of legal preference based on different forms of religion (Bates 538). The citizens cannot be compelled to join any religious worship as well as contribute money in support to the religious institution, Public funds of any state may not be used or appropriated for the support of any religious organization, Religious tests cannon be established as a requirement to hold a public position, to have the right to vote, to be a juror or a witness in court proceedings and for any state policies and functions. The civil rights of a person cannot be reduced or altered based on his religious views and beliefs. All forms of religious beliefs are also given equal protection under the law. The law also states that everyone is guaranteed of religious li berty as long as it does not interfere with peace, good order, and the morals of society. Separation of the church and state, in terms of civil and ecclesiastical functions, is also stated in the first amendment (539). With the understanding of the provisions of the law, the first position may be addressed through the use of past court orders made for cases that involved the concept of religious freedom. The limitations of religious liberty can also be addressed through the examples. According to Chester Antinaeu (221), the freedom of religion provides individual a preferred position in the hierarchy of socio-legal values though it is not absolute. Based on the proposition of Justice Black, a well-organized society cannot allow any individual to make a final decision on everything that he will do or not do that is free from his liabilities to the state. Thus individuals that practice their religious freedom are still subjected to conduct themselves to abide obediently to the laws of the state that are designed to protect the welfare of the society from any form of threats to danger. Thus for societies that are politically organized such as the United States, the judiciary department carries the burden of delimiting the fundamental freedoms that are given to its citizens (221). Historical jurisprudence had been a key guide in determining the limits of the religious freedom. On the early years of the law, an accused claimed that by the virtue of his religious freedom, he was exempted from the statute of the state that forbids polygamy. This may be a norm the members of the Jesus of Latter Day Saints in practicing their

Refurbishment vs redevelopment

Refurbishment vs redevelopment Chapter 1 Refurbishment vs redevelopment Malaysia property market has experienced a drastic change in 2008. The property market moved from a boom at the end of 2007 to uncertainties due to increasing construction cost. Finally, the property market moved into a relatively quiet market towards the end of 2008. With all the banks trying to tighten their loan terms, obtaining loans for development of all types of commercial building have been difficult in the last three years. Yet, study shows that there is still a high demand for space in office building in area like Kuala Lumpur. From time to time, there are several developments of new office buildings in Klang Valley area. From the study done by JPPH, there is an increase of approximately 10 million square metres of new office space throughout Kuala Lumpur. Yet, the average vacancy rate in office space decreased to 18.6%. This proved that the demand for office building is still able to cater the increase in new office space. Study also showed that there is a new supply of approximately 280,000 square metres of new office space and additional 92,000 square metres of office being refurbished and repositioned in the year of 2009. So, building owners have to struggle to maintain the popularity and the competitiveness of their building. The current lack of new-build development raises the likelihood of grade-A supply shortages when the occupier market returns, creating investment opportunities for carefully targeted refurbishment. But, usually owner is in great dilemma when they are in such situation. As everyone know, the refurbishment of office space offers advantages over new-build which can facilitate the achievement of economic, social and environmental sustainability. But, redevelopment is the ultimate solution for eliminating all problems regarding the maintenance, changing tenants requirement and other probems. Making comparisons between refurbishment and redevelopment is also problematic because the term refurbishment can be used to encompass a wide spectrum of building works, from minor cosmetic improvements through to extensive reconstruction. But, in the majority of cases, refurbishment will be a quicker and cheaper means of restoring second-hand office space to grade-A specification. As a low-cost option, the refurbishment of office space should be intuitively attractive in an economic climate marked by a lack of development finance. But in many cases refurbishment is as costly as redevelopment and likely to carry with it greater risks and physical constraints. Problem statement Malaysian has been accused as a clever builder but poor manager. For example, certain office buildings in Golden Triangle are often looked deteriorated and relatively matured compared to other purposed-built office building. Example of such older office buildings are those office building located on the fringe of Central Business District, like Jalan Ampang. These older office buildings have a higher tendency to be left vacant due to its poor office building images. This will leads to lower rental rate to be paid by the tenants to remain its competitiveness. Other important characteristic of such office building also includes by low occupancy rate, lower quality of the building and services provided. Besides, recent office developments are very likely to adopt green features such as energy saving, reduction of wastage and water usage, as well as the use of environmentally friendly materials. This new trend in development had forced many owners evaluate the condition of their building and try to make several changes to the buildings to attracts more tenants. These efforts are important to attract corporations who fascinate energy-saving and environmental-friendly building. But making such decision is not easy. The owners have to evaluate the cost and benefit of each choice, and determine the solution he desires to improve the condition of his buildings. But other factors also have to take into consideration. For example, the rate of interest the bank would charge for development of different risk, the time of completion and others also greatly affect the decision-making of owner Objectives of study This study has three main objectives. There are: To determine factors influencing the decision-making in deriving a solution to the method chosen. To identify the benefits of building refurbishment or redevelopment to the building users. To determine whether tenant likes refurbished secondary office building or newly redeveloped building. Scope of study The scope of this study will focus on selected office buildings, both building which had undergo refurbishment and those which had undergone redevelopment. To ensure a more complete study, the newly constructed building is also considered as building undergone redevelopment. The respondents of the questionnaire are limited to tenants in Golden Triangle area only. As for the property manager, all property managers can be chosen as the interviewee. Building manager who are hired by owners and acted on behalf of them, will gives their opinions in owner perspectives (maximise profit) and current tenants will voice out their preferences in choosing a building space. Methodology All the relevant data are collected through primary data and secondary data. Primary data includes questionnaire, samplings, interviews and case study. In this study, respondents identified in questionnaire study are selected property manager who represents building owners point of view and some tenants within Golden Triangle area through sampling. As for interview session, interviewees targeted are property manager who are the representatives of building owners. Through this interview sessions, benefit of building refurbishment and redevelopment will be ascertained. Finally, case study of three similar office buildings will also be done as the quantitative analysis. All three building will be compared according to the cost incurred for construction and the benefit obtained. Then the differences in term of occupancy rates, rental and others will be calculated to represent the increment in term of market value. On the other hand, collection of data in this study will also includes references such as reference book, journal, articles, conference paper, property market reports, internet/ website searching and other sources. In addition, data will also be collected from books, magazines or newspaper article to obtain general information on building refurbishment and the effects of building refurbishment. Further details of methodology will be discussed in Chapter 3. Structure of Study This study consisted of five chapters. The brief discussion of each chapter is discussed as follows: Chapter 1 Chapter 1 is the introduction of the study. This chapter starts with an introduction of this study with a brief background. Besides, other things like problem statement, scope of study, methodology and others are also discussed in this chapter. Chapter 2 Chapter 2 is about the literature review. In this chapter, definition of building refurbishment and redevelopment, benefit of building refurbishment and redevelopment and others will be discussed in this chapter. Besides, factor influencing decision making of building refurbishment and the tenant preferences will also be discussed. Chapter 3 Chapter 3 is the methodology. In this chapter, methodology used to survey and interview in order to gather information needed. The structure of questionnaire is also discussed in this chapter. Furthermore, a brief discussion on the opinion of respondents of questionnaire and interviews will also be carried out in the last part of this chapter. Chapter 4 Chapter 4 is the chapter regarding research findings analysis. In this chapter, data gather will be analysed and presented in this chapter. An analysis on the benefit of building refurbishment and its value-enhancing ability will also be carried out by studying the information gathered through interviews, questionnaire survey, and secondary data. Chapter 5 Chapter 5 discuss about the conclusion and recommendation. In this chapter, conclusion from the findings and analysis of data in the previous chapter will be discussed and summarized. Besides, it also illustrate on the confirmation of the objectives and overall summary for the whole study. Other information included in this chapter is the suggestions for further study.

Meiji Japan, Colonialism and Beyond

The most influential aspects that would come out of Japan’s war with China, (the First Sino-Japanese War 1894-1895) and the war with Russia (Russo-Japanese War 1904 – 1905) did not occur during the wars themselves, but rather in the years following the conflicts. These wars were, essentially, the precursors to the Imperial Japan of World War Two infamy. The First Sino-Japanese War showed Japan that the reforms and modernizations of the Mieji Restoration were working as opposed to China’s Self Strengthening Movement that had been a domestic failure. â€Å"War was†¦declared on 1st August 1894, and although foreign observers had predicted an easy victory for the more massive Chinese forces, the Japanese had done a more successful job of modernizing, and they were better equipped and prepared. Japanese troops scored quick and overwhelming victories on both land and sea.†1   This war also established a relationship with western nations that resulted in tremendous improvements in Japan’s military. So profound were this improvements that Japan would later wage a successful war of for the â€Å"rights† to imperial interests against Russia that had a far superior military. In a way, Japan’s involvement in these wars did show the nation had developed similarities with Western nations beyond simply modernizing domestically in social and industrial terms. The foreign policy of Japan began to mimic the least desirable aspect of all of Western Europe’s foreign policy. This area of foreign policy was an emphasis on imperialism and colonization. The classical tradition of imperialism and colonization involved superior powered military incursions into other countries in order to conquer the nation, subjugate the people and strip the indigenous natural resources from the conquered nations. Winning the wars with China and Russia help set the stage for the coming of an Imperial Japan that would wage a massive war in the Pacific Seas during World War Two. By 1895 Japan was beginning to see the fruits of their labor as the defeat of China in several wars and the annexation of Taiwan brought Japan political recognition from many European countries.   Recognition from the European countries meant an escape from many of the treaties that had been forced upon Japan in the 1870’s, and an alliance with England in 1902.   Japan had finally won the respect of the developed world as a military power; however, they were still viewed as an inferior culture and were not afforded the same courtesies as predominantly Anglo-Saxon nations.2 With the war with China, Japan established a foothold as a colonizing empire as it would claim Korea as the prize for its expansion. With Russia, the victory was even more complex. In the part of the world where Japan resides, the bulk of the colonial incursions and wars were bought between eastern nations and western nations as well as eastern nations vs. other eastern nations. Japan’s victory against Russia marked the first time an eastern power defeated a western power in a war, the shockwaves of which reverberated throughout the world. Japan’s standing had greatly increased while Russia’s standing was greatly diminished. For Russia, the loss was yet another link in the chain of events that would lead to the Bolshevik Revolution and for Japan, the second link in the chain (a second victorious war) that would lead to Japan’s brutal World War Two imperialist fantasies was solidified. Imperial powers are amoral, but they are not suicidal. That is, it is rare that imperial expansions are undertaken against strong or powerful nations. Japan’s wins in the First Sino-Japanese War and the Japanese-Russian War were important in the sense that, for lack of a better explanation, saw Japan gain valuable experience in the art of waging war. Furthermore, they established to the world that they were a viable, major power. More importantly, internally, the wins provided feedback to the rulers that Japan’s military strategies worked and that their army and navy was indeed formidable. The seeds were planted with these victories that laid the foundation for even further expansions that would result in the World War Two’s War in the Pacific. Imperialist nations to not launch wars that they feel they are going to lose. In terms of colonizing, a loss would be self-defeating and a drain of the nation. A successful colonization incursion eventually pays for itself by way of the colonized nation providing wealth in terms of losing the rewards of its natural resources. The victories in the wars with China and Russia emboldened Japan to have faith enough in itself to join the Axis powers. The expansion of the military from its victories against China and Russia lead to an immorality that would yield biological war in China and forced starvation in the Philippines. The mere fact that Japan attacked a superpower the size of the United States speaks volumes for the confidence Japan had in its military prowess. On the surface, these two wars Japan was involved with were seemingly successful and expanded Japan’s colonial interests and ambitions, but ultimately, the wars proved disastrous as they were step towards Japan’s downfall World War Two only brought Japan defeat, humiliation and devastation via the Atomic Bomb. Works Cited Anon., â€Å"Imperial Japan†, available , Internet, accessed 05 November 2006. Russo-Japanese War Research Society, â€Å"Forerunners, The Sino-Japanese War†, available from http://www.russojapanesewar.com/phila-2.html, Internet, accessed 05 November 2006. National Clearinghouse for U.S.-Japan Studies, â€Å"Japan's Imperial Family†, available from http://www.indiana.edu/~japan/iguides/imperial.html, Internet, accessed 05 November 2006. 1 Russo-Japanese War Research Society, â€Å"Forerunners, The Sino-Japanese War†, available from   http://www.russojapanesewar.com/phila-2.html, Internet, accessed 05 November 2006. 2 Anon., â€Å"Imperial Japan†, available from http://filebox.vt.edu/users/jearnol2/ MeijiRestoration/imperial_japan.htm, Internet, accessed 05 November 2006.

What It Is Called Legitimate Knowledge for Clones

What it is called legitimate knowledge for clones. An educational institution is a form of institution that is used to educate people. Educational institutions are essential for society to produce knowledge people (workers). Schools are designed to produce limitless knowledge in every aspect of life. However, the â€Å"men† behind schools tend to be selective in producing knowledge and constructing ideas. This paper intends to give an explanation of how schools can be hazardous by using concepts of Stuart Hall in his book, Representation: Cultural Representations and Signifying Practices, and Michael W.Apple and Nancy R. King in the article of â€Å"What Do Schools Teach†. These concepts applied to the hailsham case in the novel of Never Let Me Go by Kazuo Ishiguro to indicate that an educational institution like hailsham can be harmful due to the controlling and manipulating information for other purpose so that it generates what it is called legitimate knowledge for t he clones. Hailsham is the sole source in constructing inhumane ideas to the students that reflect their destiny as donors and perceived a short life.In the novel of Never Let Me Go by Kazuo Ishiguro, students are taught that they are destined to be donors, and after the fourth donation their short life is granted. According to Stuart Hall in Representation: Cultural Representations and Signifying Practices, he brings up a topic about discourse, power and knowledge, which created by Michel Foucault. Hall believes that in Foucault’s theory of discourse can be define as â€Å"’how human beings understand themselves in our culture’ and how our knowledge about ‘the social, the embodied individual and share meanings† (Hall 43).In other words, hall stated Foucault’s idea about discourse as how people discuss or understand the idea of things in certain society. Hall also stated Foucault’s idea about only certain social institutions, such as s chool, have the power to construct meaning, create truth or knowledge about things among society. That is to say that school is one of the sources that plays an important role in shaping students understanding of something.Therefore, being the sole sources that creates ideas on people’s mind, telling them to be donors and have a short live is not a pleasant idea to be embedded in people’s minds. Beside the concept above, Educational institutions can be harmful due to the knowledge control. According to Michael W. Apple and Nancy R. King, â€Å"the study of educational knowledge is a study in ideology, the investigation of what is considered legitimate knowledge (be it knowledge of the logical type of â€Å"that,† â€Å"how† or â€Å"to†) by specific social groups and classes, in specific institutions, at specific historical moments.It is, further, a critically oriented form of investigation, in that it chooses to focus on how this knowledge, as di stributed in schools, may contribute to a cognitive and dispositional development that strengthens or reinforces existing (and often problematic) institutional arrangements in society† (Apple and King 342). To simplify, the available knowledge and the hidden knowledge are being selected to be presented to students as proper knowledge, base on the ideology at a certain society at a time.Thus, educational institution can be defective due to the knowledge validity. According to the paragraph above, institutions control what can and cannot be presented. This theory can also be applied in the novel of never let me go. According to the book Miss Emily said that â€Å"We had run hailsham for many years, we had a sense of what could work, hat was best for the students in the long run, beyond hailsham. Lucy Wainright was idealistic, nothing wrong with that. But she had no graspof practicalities.You see, we were able to give you something, something which even now no one will ever take from you, and we were able to do that principally by sheltering you. Hailsham would not have been hailsham if we hadn’t. Very well, sometimes that meant we kept things from you, lied to you. Yes in many ways we fooled you (Ishiguro 268). In other words, hailsham and its people is trying to hide the latent facts in order to protect children and for the continuity of the school itself. Therefore, institutions can be harmful in terms of controlling knowledge and information.Another concept is that the basic function of schools or educational institutions is that schools should prepare students in terms of life skills to be able to do well in life. According to Michael W. Apple and Nancy R. King, â€Å"schools seem by and large, to do what they are supposed to do, at least in terms of roughly providing dispositions and propensities â€Å"functional† in later life in a complex and stratified social and economic order† (Apple and King 341). To clarify, Apple and king believe that schools have their own function to prepare students in the real life.The last concept above is inversely reflected with the case of Never Let Me Go novel. In the novel, Kathy H as the narrator show the readers that in hailsham student do not get sufficient knowledge about life. Most of the time in hailsham, they only do painting and philosophies. Guardians or teachers do not teach them life skills. In the novel, Kathy H, as the narrator told us that â€Å"looking back now, I can see we were pretty confused about this whole area about sex, that’s hardly surprising, I suppose, given we were barely sixteen.But what added to the confusion-I can see it more clearly now-was the fact that the guardians were themselves confused† (Ishiguro 95). This is the evidence that students do not get educated about sex sufficiently. Another example is when Kathy H said that â€Å"there was incidentally , Something I noticed about this veteran couples at the cottages-somethi ng Ruth, for all her close study of them, failed to spot-and this was how so many of their mannerisms were copied from the television† (Ishiguro 120).In other words, Kathy observes that their seniors are copying certain behaviors that are depicted from the movies in order to reflecting a normal person in life. This case shows that students are lack of understanding of the world until they have moved from hailsham. Educational institutions such as hailsham can be hazardous due to the production of knowledge that is designed to keep students from knowing the truth. Boarding schools such as hailsham can prevent students from growing properly. Their lack of understanding of the world produces insecurity and anxiety to face the actual life.Moreover, they are designed not to be rebellious instead, they are steered to be obedient and hopeless due to the lack of life skills and they are told in the first place that they are destined to be donors with short life. Works Cited Ishiguro, Kazuo. Never Let Me Go : New York : Vintage Canada, 2005. Hall, Stuart. Representation: Cultural Representation and Signifying Practices. London: SAGE, 2003. Apple, Michael W. , King, Nancy R.. †What do Schools Teach? †. Curriculum Inquiry 6:4. 1977:341-358.

Auditing issues in Enron case - 2114 Words

1 Auditing issues in Enron case Independent Needed for the Houston office of Andersen, an audit partner that understands the role of being a public watchdog with ultimate allegiance to the creditors and shareholders . Arthur Anderson abandoned its roles as independent auditor by turning a blind eye to improper accounting, including the failure to consolidate, failure of Enron to make $51million in proposed adjustments in 1997, and failure to adequately disclose the nature of transactions with subsidiaries . Another example is Lord Wakeham joined Enron as a non-executive director in 1994 and also sat on Enrons audit and compliance committee. In addition, Andersen also provides internal audit service to Enron, which in fact impact†¦show more content†¦When Enrons stock price subsequently fell, the SPEs value also fell, triggering the Enron guarantees, which guarantee payments in turn apparently further reduced Enron stock value, triggering additional guarantees. Other guarantees would eventually buffet Enron. In the case of Braveheart, CIBC World Markets made a $115.2 million investment in return for a promise of nearly all of Enrons profit from the venture for 10 years. Whats more, Enron agreed to repay CIBC its investment, if Braveheart failed to make money. The role guarantees play in distributions to creditors Any time an enterprise guarantees the indebtedness of another in material amounts, the enterprise must disclose the nature and amount of the guarantees in the notes to the financial statements. When Enrons SPEs sought credit, the lenders often required that Enron guarantee the debt. On several occasions, Enron guaranteed amounts that various SPEs borrowed by promising to pay cash or to issue additional common shares to repay the debt if the market price of Enrons common shares dropped under a set amount or if Enrons bond rating fell below investment grade. While the notes to Enrons financial statements disclosed guarantees of the indebtedness of others, Enron did not mention that its potential liability on those guarantees, which shared common debtShow MoreRelatedEnron Was Formed In 1986 By Ken Lay (â€Å"Enron Case Study†,1439 Words   |  6 PagesEnron was formed in 1986 by Ken Lay (â€Å"Enron Case Study†, n.d). It was an energy and service company based in Houston. â€Å"The early years of Enron were modest, and despite suffering financial woes and tremendous debt for several years, Enron survived.† (Rafraf Haug, 2013). Enron was the 7th largest company on the Fortune 500 in the year 2000 with assets of $65 billion and revenue of over $100 billion (â€Å"Enron: Quality Assurance†, 2016, p 17). Despite of revenues in 2000, Enron filed for bankruptcyRead MoreThe Enron Scandal Of Enron1052 Words   |  5 Pagesskeptical about accountants’ reliability when the Enron scandal occurred. 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